Directing Towards Freuds Hamlet in Y2K essays

Coordinating Towards Freuds Hamlet in Y2K papers Before we start, I might want to compliment all of you on getting chose for the different parts in this creation of Hamlet. My name is Glenn Close, and I will be coordinating this creation from today until it shut in Tokyo next May. I have assumed the job of Gertrude, the same number of you know, in the Hollywood creation featuring Mel Gibson. I likewise played Ophelia twice in secondary school and once my senior year at UCLA. This is my preferred Shakespeare play, truly outstanding ever. As of late I was reintroduced to Freuds eminent analysis on Shakespeare and his connection to Sophocles in The Interpretation of Dreams. From this I have pulled the fundamental pages and duplicated them for your scrutiny. Truth be told, every one of you got those pages multi week prior and were approached to come arranged to examine its significant perspectives and to assist me with making a more clear vision of what we can do to make our Hamlet progressively like the one that Freud imagined in 1899 . As the chief of this play, I have accumulated all of you here today to clarify what this specific rendition of Hamlet is best speaking to. I chose to attempt to assist Hamlet with getting all the more unmistakably curbed by his astuteness so Freuds vision can become exposed in the psyches of our crowds. As I would see it, no single chief has yet made a decent venture out of investigating completely the effect of constraint on the person through the barrenness of a deadened Hamlet. There is a purpose behind this. Numerous chiefs have attempted and fizzled for the accompanying explanation: they were all men. Just a lady with the comprehension of being explicitly pined for by her child can do equity to the directorship in the light of what Freud comprehended. I need this form of Hamlet to speak to a current sexual situation. By changing a couple of scenes, I can show Hamlets quelled feelings toward Gertrude, and his disdain toward Claudius. I need Hamlet nearly to surrender to his affec tions for his mom ... <!

Gay Marriage Outline Essay Example for Free

Gay Marriage Outline Essay In early occasions, same-sex marriage was not viewed as untouchable and in numerous societies, it was energized. Arbitrary History (2011) clarifies that in the early civic establishments of Mesopotamia and old Egypt, the relationship between couples of the equivalent sex was perceived by the realm. During Greek’s early years, fascination between a man and another man was typical and was viewed as an outflow of affection. â€Å"The principle contemplations in same-sex connections in early history were frequently love, magnificence, and greatness of character as opposed to gender† (Random History, 2011, p. 1). Same-sex relationships were frequently accepted to be more unadulterated than a hetero marriage. Marriage was accepted to be the association of two individuals dependent on affection. A marriage comprising of two guys or two females, if ladies reserved the privilege to get hitched, was not disliked. It was not until the ascent of Christianity that a negative disposition towards same-sex marriage became presented. The conviction that marriage depended on reproduction and any relationship that was non-procreative started to increment in numerous social orders. Irregular History’s 2011 research portrays how Eastern religions differed in their perspectives about gay relationships. Japanese Buddhism records the most open minded mentality toward homosexuality, commending it for its secret. Today, there are no strict or political constraints on gay conduct in Japan. Sexuality is viewed as a private issue and comes up short on any limitations. â€Å"The sacrosanct messages in the Hindu custom, the Vedas, didn't confine homosexuality, yet rather saw it as perverse† (Random History, 2011, p.1). Different things, for example, blended race connections were viewed as more hostile than homosexuality. Irregular History (2011) likewise clarifies how in the thirteenth century, the primary laws forbidding homosexuality were presented and were carefully authorized. Through the following hundreds of years, gay conduct got degenerate and was rebuffed. Because of the conviction that gay conduct wasn't right, the conviction that hetero connections were typical got well known among most of nations. By the nineteenth century, heterosexuality turned into the most accepted st andard for connections. In spite of the fact that the discussion for same-sex marriage turned out to be recognizably open in the late twentieth century, it was not until 1993 during a Hawaiian case, that the issue became national news. The decision of the case expressed that the limitation of marriage and its advantages toâ opposite-sex couples were illegal. â€Å"The Defense of Marriage Act, which was presented in 1996, was very nearly an immediate reaction to the Hawaiian case, proclaimed that no state would be required to perceive an equivalent sex marriage from another state, and furthermore characterized marriage as a relationship between one man and one woman† (Axel-Lute, 2002, p.1). By that equivalent year, a dominant part of states passed laws restricting same-sex marriage. From that point forward, states have characterized their own meaning of marriage. In spite of the way that the discussion over same-sex marriage is moderately new in the United States, five states have made same-sex marri age lawful, just as Washington D.C. As indicated by the Florida’s Domestic Partnership (2010), at present, there are just two expresses that perceive same-sex relationships, New York and California. In California, the marriage is possibly perceived in the event that it was before recommendation 8. Voting form Pedias 2008 research clarifies how suggestion 8 is a statewide voting form recommendation in California. The individuals of California decided in favor of the illegalization of same-sex marriage. In spite of the fact that a few people are against same-sex relationships for strict reasons, not permitting same-sex relationships is segregation. Same-sex relationships ought to be sanctioned in light of the fact that the segregation same-sex couples get is sincerely horrendous, and uncalled for. The most persuasive explanation against same-sex marriage depends on religion. Numerous individuals accept that reproduction is the perfect explanation behind marriage. Their conviction is that equivalent sex couples don 't have the capacity to create kids which is the reason for marriage. In any case, when two of the most compelling strict symbols talked about marriage, youngster bearing was not an explanation behind two individuals to get hitched. â€Å"It is exceptionally huge that Jesus and Paul, while both alluding to the creation story, not even once notice multiplication or physical sexual contrast in their instructing about marriage† (Sullivan, 1997, p.79). The two men focused on how the nature of a relationship was the most significant viewpoint for marriage. On the off chance that marriage is held for having a kid, at that point same-sex relationships are not an issue. â€Å"There are endless approaches to ‘have’ a kid. Not every one of them add up to doing likewise thing† (Meilander, 1996). Numerous equivalent sex couples utilize manual semen injection to consider a kid. Liz Tracy’s 2011 article interviews Maria and Vivian, a lesbian couple who were hitched in New York a year ago. The two have a multi year old little girl by managed impregnation. During a wedding function, the church’s just commitment is toâ give its approval. â€Å"The church doesn't, actually, wed anybody. Individuals wed one another. The state, not the congregation, characterizes the idea of legitimate marriage† (Sullivan, 1997, p.68). Sullivan (1997) additionally states how the congregation has favored fields when yields have been planted, MX rockets, new houses, and warships whose sole design is to execute and wreck. There is no explanation the congregation ought not favor a relationship wherein two individuals pledge to be dependable and love each other forever. Supporters of same-sex marriage accept the bill to permit same-sex marriage ought to be made with a certain goal in mind that will help win votes from individuals of confidence. â€Å"The measure would not constrain strict associations to concede union with same-sex couples, a move that would make the administration advantages of marriage equivalent for gay and straight couples yet at the same time permit the holy observance of union with be characterized by churches† (Groeninger, 2012, p.2). On the off chance that the bill was composed and done with a particular goal in mind, the congregation would not have any relationship with same-sex couples getting hitched in light of the fact that the procedure would be completed in a court. The American gay rights development, which got warmed in the 1970’s, characterized marriage as harsh, chauvinist, and a hetero establishment, as per the National Organization of Women’s 2012 examinations. By the legislature precluding same-sex couples from getting hitched, they are denying them rights that each other American has. â€Å"Marriage is a special legitimate status gave by and perceived by governments everywhere throughout the world. It carries with it a large group of equal commitments, rights and protections† (National Organization of Women, 2012, p, 1). There are various rights and obligations that are related with marriage. Same-sex couples are being oppressed in light of the fact that they are not permitted any of these rights. The National Organization of Women’s 2012 research subtleties a significant number of the 1,138 government rights, assurances and duties that join marriage, which same-sex couples are denied. Government managed savings benefits upon death, incapacity or retirement of life partner, just as advantages for minor kids, laborers remuneration assurances for the group of a specialist harmed at work, exceptions from home charges when a companion passes on, exclusions from bureaucratic annual expenses on mates medical coverage are completely denied to same-sex couples. The segregation and disavowal of marriage and its advantages of same-sex couples can be sincerely horrendous on occasion. â€Å"Because truly hundredsâ of significant lawful, monetary, down to earth, and social advantages and insurances stream straightforwardly from marriage, the prohibition from this focal social establishment unleashes genuine damage on genuine same-sex couples everyday† (Sullivan, 1997, p. 129 ). Same-sex couples are denied the option to settle on choices in regards to their partner’s wellbeing or clinical treatment. Sullivan (1997) additionally clarifies how same-sex couples are not permitted to embrace their partner’s kids or how lesbian moms are frequently precluded guardianship from claiming their kids. One of the most well-known contentions against same-sex marriage is society’s picture of the perfect family. â€Å"The open acknowledgment of homosexuality sabotages the steadiness and self-comprehension of the hetero family† (Sullivan, 1997, p.146). Preservationists accept that the perfect family incorporates one dad and one mother. Both of the guardians impact their youngsters with a particular goal in mind. Many accept that an equivalent sex couple can't bring up a youngster appropriately on the grounds that the kid isn't raised with both protective and nurturing characteristics. In any case, Sullivan (2012) additionally talks about how despite the fact that a few guardians might be disillusioned that their youngster won't produce a grandkid, they would in any case want to see their kid discover somebody to cherish and live with and share their existence with. On the off chance that a kid is encircled by two guardians who love them, they will create and develop as so me other kid would. Numerous states have authorized common associations since 2000. Albeit common associations give legitimate security to same-sex couples, they are just perceived at the state level. Many think authorizing same-sex marriage isn't a pressing issue on the grounds that common associations are getting legitimate in more states. â€Å"Giving same-sex couples the option to visit a friend or family member in the emergency clinic, settle on end of life choices and acquire property through common associations was viewed as the center ground† (Groeninger, 2012, p.1). There is a tremendous measure of contrasts in a marriage and common association. Debatepedia’s 2011 research clarifies how considerate associations are discrete and inconsistent on the grounds that individuals in a hetero relationship approach common associations, yet same-sex couples don't approach marriage. Common associations are inconsistent in light of the fact that they ar

The Art of Jim Crow essays

The Art of Jim Crow expositions The shroud that Du Bois every now and again alludes to is the cover of race. Du Bois pictures this cloak as the generalizations and biases that remain between African-Americans and their full cooperation in what we may call the American dream. Not just does the shroud remain between the African-American and his financial achievement; it additionally keeps the African-American from accomplishing a full and acceptable feeling of character in America. The clear symbolism of the scenes painted by Du Bois that caught his clashing sentiments about advancement is that Jim Crow itself implied Negro Laws. After the Emancipation Proclamation by Abraham Lincoln, these idiot laws were passed after the Civil War to establish the forswearing of Civil Rights of the African-America individuals. The whole idea of the Jim Crow Laws was built up to proceed with the rule of old Slavery Laws that had been abrogated already. These laws principally existed in the south piece of the United States. The Jim Crow Laws were so illegal because of the reality of the infringement of social equality. The Federal Government with the order of the Civil Rights Act in 1866 must be amended. The law in itself didn't characterize or make reference to race or shading. This end up being a significant escape clause for four whole years. Not long after the Civil Rights Act the administration built up the Freedmans Bureau to deal with the undertakings of the recreation of the Southern States. Significant Gen. Oliver Otis Howard, author of Howard University filled in as magistrate of the Bureau until 1874. The Bureau ha d extra target was to appropriate uniformly the relinquish arrives in the south. The article called that each freedman was to get forty sections of land and a donkey. The department led workshops to enable the recently liberated slave to conform to their new surroundings with money related freedom. The Bureau additionally helped manufacture schools and recruit new instructors. W.E. Du Bois turned into an instructor for the extraordinary s ... <!

Essay Examples For Field Trip to Museum

Essay Examples For Field Trip to MuseumThere are several different kinds of essay samples for field trip to the museum. The theme can range from natural disasters, to history, or literature. The first thing to do is to define your topic and the kind of essay that you would like to write.A good idea is to read through a variety of essay samples for field trip to the museum and to pick out a theme that will most likely appeal to you. Some of the themes that you may find interesting include: school trips, trips to museums, cultural experiences, holidays, and history. One great way to start is to begin by asking yourself questions such as; What was my personal favorite trip to the museum? Do I enjoy going to museums or not?Next, you want to find essays that you think would be appropriate for the theme you have chosen. The best place to find essay samples for field trip to the museum is on the internet. A quick search should turn up a large number of sample essays that you can take and re ad to get a feel for what you are looking for.However, when looking through essays samples for field trip to the museum, be sure to read the guidelines carefully and do not just skim through the essay. The guidelines have been written for a specific purpose, so it is important to read all of the guidelines carefully. If a sample seems too easy, chances are it is.Another idea is to look through online essays and look for a number of different kinds of essay samples for field trip to the museum. Many times, a school or museum will provide you with sample essays. This is a good way to see what it is you are looking for. You might also want to look through an essay sample for field trip to the museum before you go to a museum.When you find a number of essay samples for field trip to the museum, ask each essay writer to describe the essay in its own words. The reason for this is to make sure that the writer is providing you with what you want. This will help you avoid the writer copy wri ting a similar essay and could save you money.The last thing to do is to keep in mind that when it comes to essay samples for field trip to a museum, you want the writer to be honest and direct. The reason is because this is the most direct way to get your message across. By using this technique, you will have a more coherent essay, one that is not filled with extraneous information or filling in blanks.So there you have three options for essay samples for field trip to the museum. All of these options will help you determine exactly what you are looking for. Hopefully, this article has helped you choose a topic and essay style that you will enjoy.

Relationship between Assets and Liabilities on Balance Sheet - Free Essay Example

Cement industry indeed a very important part of industrial sector that plays a essential role in the economic development. Though the cement industry in Pakistan observed its lows and highs in recent past it improved during the last couple of years and floated once again. A basic economic decision deal with a financial intermediary is the mixture of assets to buy and liabilities to sell, a decision that reflects a complex set of economic and institutional considerations. When viewed as a decision under uncertainty, the outcomes from this decision involve interactions among the assets, among the obligations and among assets and obligations. The asset and obligation structures of cement sector of Pakistan necessarily reflect these interactions as well as many regulatory and institutional constraints unique to the cement industry. Multivariate statistical procedures such as canonical correlation analysis are being used more frequently and the methods used in thesis can be applied to other studies. The mixture of assets and liabilities chosen can be viewed as a basic portfolio theory decision. In thesis canonical correlation analysis was applied to examine the relationship between assets and liabilities made by a cross-section of 18 large cement companies of Pakistan listed in stock exchange. Canonical correlation is a multivariate statistical technique that was used to assess the nature and strength of relationship between assets and liabilities. The correlation between each set of assets and each set of liabilities indicates the relationship between assets and liabilities but all of these correlations assess the same hypothesis that assets influence liabilities. The thesis focused on firms of the Pakistans cement industry and the purposes of the thesis was to identify relationships between assets and liabilities exhibited by these corporations and to explain the nature of these relationships. The teaching of corporate finance as reflected in the major textbooks compartmentalizes the decision areas of finance and within each compartment management is assumed to attempt to maximize the firms wealth, holding the other areas of the firm constant. For example, capital budgeting decisions are made given a cost of capital or required rate of return (a capital project is evaluated independent of how it is financed), or the capital structure is chosen given the character of the firms assets. Cash, receivables, and inventory balances t end to be optimized independently. There is a tradeoff between the rigor afforded by global models of the firm (such as the CAPM) versus the realism afforded by the various approaches used in the compartmented models (e.g., cash management models, equipment replacement models, leasing, etc.). Business practice has the same dilemma; complex organizations must decompose the overall wealth maximization problem into sub problems which, when solved, allow the firm to make satisfactory decisions. Business executives may be uncomfortable with an assumption of independence between investing and financing decisions for two reasons. First, even if the decisions were independent, the decisions may occur simultaneously because of the necessity of raising the funds to invest. Second and more importantly, the assumptions necessary to obtain independence may not be obtained. Several interdependencies might be anticipated between assets and liabilities: Hedging is commonplace, where firms go wit h maturity structure of their assets and obligations (i.e., short-term assets tend to be financed with short- term obligations and long-term assets tend to be financed with long-term obligations). Some assets are used as collateral for loans. For example, accounts receivable can be used as collateral for short-term bank loans or factor loans and real estate as collateral for mortgages. Commodity-producing firms will maintain inventories which may be financed with credit from suppliers (accounts payable) while service-providing firms may have little of either inventories or accounts payable. High risk businesses may try to manage risk by using less leverage on right hand side of balance sheet (high equity) and by maintaining larger liquidity balances on the left-hand side. This process may enable management to reduce the probability of insolvency It was the objective of the thesis to determine relationships between assets and liabilities on balance sheet exhibited by a sa mple cement firms of Pakistan. Canonical correlation analysis was used to identify and study the nature of relationship between the structure of the left and right hand sides of the balance sheet. Though canonical correlation analysis is very similar to discriminant and factor analysis, it has not been widely employed in finance. The variables used in this study are, Cash, Account Receivable, Inventories, Long-term Assets, Account Payable, Short-term Debt, long-term Debt and Share Holder Equity. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW Stowe,John D,Watson,Collin J Robertson ,Terry D (1980) observed the relationship between assets and liabilities with the help of canonical correlation analysis. The purpose of research was to identify relations between the two sides of balance sheet (Assets and liabilities) revealed by the corporations and to explain the nature of these relationships. Data from balance sheet for a cross-section of firms was used in the study. For each firm / corporation, a general size (or percentage breakdown) balance sheet was constructed with 4 asset and 4 liability accounts. A big diversity of balance sheet structures was present between 510 firms. A number of remarkable relationships were found in the study i.e. inventories were positively correlated with accounts payable and long-term assets were correlated with long-term debt. On the other hand, stockholders equity was not highly correlated with any of the asset proportions. An independence of asset and liability composition of the firm is tilted in much modern financial theory, the independence of investing and financing decision is a prominent part of Modigliani and Millers classic capital structure research. Though the distribution of financing and investment decision is an invaluable assumption which greatly makes simpler many business financial decisions, real balance sheets of modern corporations do not exhibit independence between assets and obligations on balance sheet. The aim of the study was (1) to recognize relationships between t assets, obligations and equity on a balance sheet reveal by these firms and (2) to clarify the nature of these relationships. Independence of liability and asset composition is explicit in Modigliani and Millers capital structure proposition. In their article, they exhibited that, given a flow of risky earnings; the firms total market value and cost of capital are independent of capital structure. The education of corporate finance, as imitated in the major textbooks, compa rtmentalizes the decision spots of finance and, within each box, management is assumed to effort to maximize the firms wealth, holding the other spots of the firm stable. For example, capital budgeting decisions are made given a cost of capital or required rate of return (a capital project is evaluated independent of how it is financed), or the capital structure is chosen given the character of the firms assets. Cash, receivables, and inventory balances tend to be optimized independently. There is a tradeoff between the rigors afforded by global models of the firm (such as the CAPM) versus the realism afforded by the various approaches used in the compartmented models (e.g., cash management models, equipment replacement models, leasing, etc.). Business practice has the same dilemma; complex organizations must decompose the overall wealth maximization problem into sub problems which, when solved, allow the firm to make satisfactory decisions. Business executives may be uncomfortab le with an assumption of independence between investing and financing decisions for two reasons. First, even if the decisions were independent, the decisions may occur simultaneously because of the necessity of raising the funds to invest. Second and more importantly, the assumptions necessary to obtain independence may not be obtained. Several interdependencies might be anticipated between the assets and liabilities, those are, (1) Hedging is commonplace, where firms go with maturity structure of their assets and obligations (i.e., short term assets tend to be financed with short term obligations and long-term assets tend to be financed with long-term obligations), (2) some assets are used as collateral for loans. For example, accounts receivable can be used as collateral for short-term bank loans or factor loans and real estate as collateral for mortgages, (3) commodity-producing firms will maintain inventories which may be financed with credit from suppliers (accounts payable) while service providing firms may have little of either inventories or accounts payable and (4) high risk businesses may try to manage risk by using less leverage on right hand side of balance sheet (high equity) and by maintaining larger liquidity balances on the left hand side. This process may enable management to reduce the probability of insolvency. It was the intent of the study to determine relationship between assets and liabilities on balance sheet are exhibited by a sample of large corporations. Canonical correlation analysis was used to identify and examine the nature of relationships between the structures of the left- and right-hand sides of the balance sheet. While canonical correlation analysis is very similar to discriminate and factor analysis, it has not been widely employed in finance. There were two general conclusions of study. The first basic purpose of study was satisfied that there are basic relationships between assets and obligations on a balance sheet whi ch were identified with canonical correlation analysis. The assumptions behind much of modern financial theory allow us to separate investing and financing decisions. Relaxation of these assumptions can admit interdependencies between assets and obligations and several interdependencies were found in our empirical study. These relationships across the balance sheet include (1) hedging, (2) the use of collateral for loans, (3) inventories associated with accounts payable, and (4) manage risk with instantaneous use of inferior leverage and larger liquidity balances. The capital structure research since M and Ms original irrelevance argument has attempted to utilize the effect of the current value of interest tax shelter due to debt financing and the effect of expected bankruptcy costs on the firms optimal capital structure. The interdependencies between assets and liabilities found in this empirical study could be incorporated into models of capital structure. The second general concl usion was to recommend canonical correlation analysis of financial statement data for other research topics. Much of the published empirical research concerning financial statements is on topics with a single, well defined dependent variable; these topics would include predicting bankruptcy, bond ratings, or loan defaults and explaining market risk measures. Canonical analysis, where there is a set of dependent variables, would allow empirical analysis to proceed where no unique variable can be chosen as the dependent variable. Furthermore, variables which are linear combinations of financial statement proportions might be employed instead of the usual financial ratios.7 Canonical variate scores for a firm could be associated with its bond ratings, probability of default, or systematic risk. These topics usually have been investigated using financial ratios as predictor variables Stowe,John D Watson,Collin J(1985) did the multivariate analysis on balance sheet composition of lif e insurer. The purpose of that analysis was to study the empirical relationships between the assets and obligations structure of the life insurer. The assets and liabilities mixture that chosen by life insurer can be viewed in terms of basic portfolio theory decisions. Canonical correlation analysis was used by the researcher to study or examine the internal structure of these portfolio decisions that was made by a cross section of large life insurers. The financial intermediaries study, such as life insurers, is distinguished from that of nonfinancial businesses for several causes. First, the financial intermediaries assets consists just about entirely of financial assets as opposed to the real assets that bulk large on the balance sheets of nonfinancial businesses. As suggested by Moore B. J (1968) in his article an introduction to the theory of finance that the financial assets differ from tangible assets; the financial assets are intangible and they are held for the income they generate as opposed to the direct physical services they yield; financial assets are more liquid and finally financial assets can be more freely converted from one form to another while real assets are indurate. A second difference between intermediaries and nonfinancial businesses involves the nature of their obligations. Financial intermediaries accumulate loan able funds through issuing a variety of claims. For example, the commercial banks and life insurers claims are quite different from the obligations issued by nonfinancial corporations. A final significant difference between financial intermediaries and other businesses is that the intermediaries normally are more seriously regulated and sometimes are subject to separate taxation from other firms and individuals. Like other intermediaries life insurers have been the subjects of a range of empirical research projects. J. D (1973) Cummins in his article An econometric model of the life insurance sector of the U.S economy and J . E Pesando, in his article The interest sensitivity of the Flow of funds through life insurance companies presented an econometric analysis for the comprehensive flow of funds through the life insurance sector. J.D Stowe (1978) in his article examines the investments of individual life insurers in a cross-sectional, time-series study. The basic operational hypothesis for the study on balance sheet composition of life insurer was that a number of categories of assets on the left hand side of life insurer balance sheets had more than one pattern of correlations when they are associated with several liability and surplus classes from right hand side of balance sheet. In addition to testing this hypothesis, the natures of the relationships between assets and obligations were examined and the strength of the multivariate relationship was anticipated. The structure of life insurer assets was explained as a function of the structure of the other side of the balance sheet and of some addit ional firm specific variables. In this study it was necessary to predict several criterion variables simultaneously by means of a second set of predictor variables. Under these circumstances, no single regression equation can presented a fully adequate solution. Any linear combination of the criteria may be used as the dependent variable in a regression equation, and in general not one but a number of regression equations must be used to give an appropriate picture. The problem of finding linear combinations of the criterion variables that can be most accurately predicted from the predictor variables was solved by H. Hotelling in his article The most predictable criterion commonly known as canonical correlation analysis. G. Donald Simonson, D. J Stow, and J. Collin Watson (1983) analyzed a canonical correlation analysis between assets and liabilities structure of commercial banks in. They analyze the balance sheets of all 435 domestic U.S banks with assets in excess of $300 million at year end 1979. Data was taken from the December 31, 1979 Foreign and domestic Report of Condition files prepared on magnetic tape by the three federal bank supervisory agencies. They limited the analysis to large banks for two reasons. First, smaller banks do not have the talent or market position to aggressively practice liabilities management and therefore their balance sheets are not as likely to reflect differentiated policies relative to bearing interest rate risk. Second, the three federal agencies require only banks with assets over $300 million to report maturities of both de posits and selected loans, as well as a breakdown of loans in to those with predetermined versus floating interest rates. These large bank data permit us to construct several key balance sheet accounts on the basis of interest sensitivity. Six asset and six liability/capital categories were expressed as a proportion of total assets for each of the 435 banks in the study. The purpose of a study was to identify and describe the relationship including heading behavior of a single dependent variable as a function of a set of independent variables, canonical correlation analysis relates two sets of variables. In the present case one set of variables is the composition of the left hand side of the balance sheet and the other set is the right hand side. The variables used in this study are asset and liability/ capital categories expressed as proportion of total bank assets. These portions were used in lieu of the more usual financial ratios and no information exogenous to the bank was employed. During the past two years bankers and bank analysts have been concerned about how interest rate risk is derived from cross balance sheet relationships. The mismatching of maturities or interest sensitivities whether interest sensitive assets financed with long term liabilities or long term assets financed with interest sensitive liabilities creates interest rate risk. For example high interest rates and a downward sloping yield curve, one whose short term rates exceed long term rates for borrowers of similar creditworthiness, especially expose institutions which pursue the traditional financial intermediation formula of borrow short lend long. In commercial banking, the exposure is greatest for banks which finance fixed rate term loans and long term fixed income securities with short term funds at money market rates. Banks can defend themselves against this exposure by practicing asset/liability management; by coordinating their procurement of funds and acquisition of assets. There was early theoretical appreciation of the necessity for management of the maturities of asset and liability portfolios. In a simple three variable model D.H Pyle (1971) in his article theory of financial intermediation shows that assuming banks maximize the expected utility of terminal wealth, banks choices of assets (liability) portfolio will be conditioned upon the parameters, including matur ity, of their liability (assets) portfolios (given nonzero covariance of liability and assets yields). According to the applied asset/liability management dictum, banks with volatile short term interest sensitive source of funds should attempt to structure their asset portfolios to emphasize short term and floating rate movements and in general maturities of asset and liability portfolios should be matched. Such banks can be said to adopt defensive loan portfolios. Other banks by their nature are less dependent on short term market rate funds and are in a better position to offer fixed rate loan terms to borrowers their customers provide a relatively large core of stable savings and time deposits with average interest costs well below current market rates. As result these banks have to be free to acquire long term assets at predetermined interest rates that are they can adopt aggressive loan portfolios. HO, T.S.Y in his article (1980) The determinants of bank interest margin show ed that balance sheet hedging is a rational response to interest margin uncertainty which results from the interplay between volatile interest rates and asset and liability structural interrelationships. Their research attempts to find evidence of such asset/ liability hedging practices among U.S banks during a period of high and volatile interest rates and a downward sloping yield curve. If banks in aggregate tend to hedge interest sensitive funds with core funds, the banking industry would appear to be coping appropriately with interest rate risk. On the other hand, if there is a systematic tendency for many banks to combine fixed rate long term assets with volatile short term funds, the industry might be excessively exposed to interest rate risk. The issue of capital adequacy also concerned with the comparative maturity structure and duration of the two sides of the balance sheet. S.T. Maisel and R. Jacobson in his article Interest rate changes and commercial banks revenues an d costs they showed that over the period 1962 to 1975 for the average bank, the threat of insolvency due to the instability of economic returns stemmed primarily from the mismatch of asset and liability durations. They concluded that unheeded interest rate risk might require additional equity capital. Other sources of risk, such as default risk, would dictate a positive relationship between the amount invested in riskier loans and securities and the amount of equity capital. Research was limited because data on the market values of asset and liability items are not available. Presumably, potential changes in cross balance sheet market values are transmitted to changes in the market value of the firm. There was a considerable literature addressing asset-liability management in banks. One of the key motivators of asset-liability management worldwide was the Basel group. The Basel group Banking Supervision (2001) formulated broad supervisory standards and guidelines and recommended sta tements of best practice in banking supervision. The purpose of the committee was to encourage global convergence toward common approaches and standards. In particular, the Basel II norms (2004) were proposed as an international standard for the amount of capital that banks require setting to the side to protect against the types financial and operational risks they face. Basel II proposed setting up accurate risk and capital management necessities designed to make sure that a bank holds capital reserves suitable to the risk banks picture their self to throughout its lending and investment practice. In general, these regulations mean that the larger risk to which the bank is showing, the larger the amount of capital the bank requires to hold to defend its solvency and whole economic strength. This would ultimately help to defend the international monetary system from the kind of problems that may take place should a major bank or a sequence of banks collapse. Gardner and Mills (1 991) discussed the principles of asset-liability management as a part of banks strategic planning and as a response to the changing environment in prudential direction, e-commerce and new taxation treaties. Their text provided the foundation of subsequent discussion on asset-liability management. Haslem (1999) used canonical analysis and the interpretive structure of asset/liability management to identify and interpret the foreign and domestic balance sheet approach of large U.S. banks. Their study found that the least money-making very large banks have the biggest size of foreign loans, yet they give emphasis to domestic balance sheet (asset/liability) matching strategies. on the other hand, the most money-making very large banks have the smallest size of foreign loans, but, however, they emphasize foreign balance sheet matching strategies. Vaidyanathan (1999) discussed issues in asset-liability management and elaborates on various categories of risk that require to be manage d in the Indian context. In the past Indian banks were primarily concerned about adhering to statutory liquidity ratio norms but in the changed situation, namely moving away from administered interest rate structure to market determined rates, it became important for banks to equip themselves with some of these techniques, in order to immunize them selves against interest rate risk. Vaidyanathan argued that the problem gets accentuated in the context of change in the main liability structure of the banks, namely the maturity period for term deposits. For instance, in 1986, nearly 50% of term deposits had a maturity period of more than five years and only 20%, less than two years for all commercial banks, while in 1992, only 17% of term deposits were more than five years whereas 38% were less than two years Vaidyanath. It was found that several banks had inadequate and inefficient management systems. Also argued that Indian banks were more exposed to international markets, especially with respect to forex transactions, so that asset liability management was essential, as it would enable the bank to maintain its exposure to foreign currency fluctuations given the level of risk it can handle. It was also found that an increasing proportion of investments by banks were being recorded on a market to market basis, thus being exposed to market risks. Is was also suggested that, as bank profitability focus has increased over the years, there is an increasing possibility that the risk arising out of exposure to interest rate volatility would be built into the capital adequacy norms specified by the regulatory authorities, thus in turn requiring efficient asset-liability management practices. Vaidya and Shahi (2001) studied asset-liability management in Indian banks. They suggested in particular that interest rate risk and liquidity risk are two key inputs in business planning process of banks. Using firm-level data, an extensive accounting literature focuses on the contemporaneous correlation of stock returns and earnings. Despite the statistically reliable positive association between stock returns and earnings, Ball and Brown (1968), Beaver, Clarke, and Wright (1979), Beaver, Lambert, and Morse (1980), Easton and Harris (1991), Collins, Kothari, Shanken, and Sloan (1994), and others find that the explained fraction of stock return variation was significantly less than one (typically under 10 percent). Lev (1989) and others suggest that the relatively low explanatory power stems from earnings lack of timeliness and/or value-irrelevant noise in earnings. The idea that correlation between a cash-flow proxy and stock return may be due to any of the three components was not novel. Fama (1990), Schwert (1990), Kothari and Shanken (1992), Campbell and Ammer (1993), and others recognize that when stock returns are regressed on cash flow proxies, any of the three effects may be driving the regression coefficients. They do not, however, clearly quanti fy the relative importance of these three effects. Thus, in the end, it is still unclear why cash-flow proxies are or are not related to stock returns. The fundamental subject of working capital is to provide optimal balance between each element forming working capital. Most of the efforts of finance directors in a firm are the efforts they make to carry the balance between current assets not at optimal level and responsibilities to an optimal level Lamberson (1995). One reason for this was the decisive influence of current assets on others, another reasons was liabilities of completion of present responsibilities. The combination of the elements forming working capital are change over time. Need for working capital manipulate liquidity stage and profitability of a company. As a result, it affects investment and financing decisions, too. Amount of current assets to be calculated at a level where total cost is of a least degree means an optimal working capital level. The optimal w orking capital point is case wherein balance between risk and effectiveness is provided.. The entire current assets hold by a firm known as working capital. Net working capital is calculated when short term obligations are took out from current assets. Return of total assets of a firm as a result of an activity is closely related to level and distribution of assets of the firm and efficiency in application of these assets. In lots of firms current assets called working capital make up of a remarkable part of community assets. (Note 1) But it is clear that working capital is ignored in finance journalism compare to long term financing decision. Corporate finance studies usually concentrate on core decisions like, dividend, capital structure and capital budgeting. Though, the sum of assets group is a important part of entire asset and called working capital (inventories, quasi money and money. short term liabilities and trade receivables) is a focus matter in all main books relatin g to corporate finance where efficiency level of distribution and application of assets influence profitability and risk level of the company. The major purpose of a company is to increase the market worth. Working capital management influence profitability of the company, its risk and thus its value Smith, (1980). Further, effective management of working capital is a key component of the broad strategy aim to increase the market rate (Westhead and Howorth (2003). Since the flexibility of this group of assets is very high in terms of adapting to changing conditions and due to these uniqueness they can frequently be applied to understand the major aim of financial management through policy changes. Success of a firm mainly depends on efficient management capability of finance director to manage receivables, inventories and liabilities (Filbeck and Krueger, 2005). Firms can strengthen their funding capabilities or decrease the source cost reducing source amount they allocate to curren t assets. In finance literature there is a common opinion about the importance of working capital management. Explanations about why effective capital management is important for a company usually concentrate on the association between effectiveness in working capital management and company profitability. Effective working capital management includes controlling and planning of present assets and liabilities in such a way it avoid extreme investments in current assets and prevents from working with few currents assets insufficient to fulfill the responsibilities. In relevant studies the measure taken as an indicator of efficiency in working capital management is generally cash conversion cycle. For firm cash conversion cycle is the period during which it is transited from money to good and again to money. In the studies conducted by Shin and Soenen (1998), Deloof (2003), Raheman and Nasr (2007) and Teruel and Solano (2007) it was concluded that there is a negative relationship be tween profitability of a firm and cash conversion cycle. Thus, it is possible to increase firm profitability through more effective working capital management. It is necessary to realize that major basics of cash conversion cycle (short term account receivables, short term trade liabilities and inventories) should be managed in a way they maximize firm profitability. An efficient working capital management will increase free cash flows to the firm and growth opportunities and returns of stockholders. Working capital level of a firm indicates that it wants to take a risk. The more working capital amounts, the liquidity risk and profitability become lower. The working capital strategies of firms differ according to the segments and within each segment it varies over time Filbeck and Krueger (2005). Ganesan (2007), put forward that the firms in less competitive sectors focus on cash conversion minimizing receivables, while the firms in more competitive sectors have a relatively high er level of receivables. Lazaridis and Tryfonidis (2005) stated that small firms focus on inventory management, the firms with low profitability on credit management. Statements in literature of finance about the significance of working capital for companies are being once further emphasized in these unstable days of international economy. While firms make efforts to increase return on assets in a way they pay their due obligations as late as possible and keep the cash, decreases in activity volume decreases the cash flow, too and this case increases the liquidity risk (Hofler, 2009). All these raise the importance of working capital. In the following part our study the practice section where the association between efficiency level of companies being operated in ISE in working capital management and their gain on total asset is handled. Classical risk theory mostly focuses on the liabilities of insurance companies and therefore on the study of claims, including their frequency a nd their amount. As explained in e.g. Parker (1997), the insurance companies do not only have to deal with insurance risk but also with investment risk like liquidity risk, risk of change and most importantly the interest rate risk. The insurance risk, due to the risk insured (e.g. mortality, fire, car accidents), can be decreased as the number of policies in the portfolio increases (however, a perfect and complete pooling will never occur). The investment risk does not decrease with an increasing number of policies since the rates of return are highly correlated. Interest rates both influence the active and the passive side of the balance and become very important when the insurance policies are long-term contracts. It is therefore essential to devise asset liability models appropriate to insurance companies. In thesis, concentration was made on the mismatching of assets and liabilities, namely the times that the value of the assets becomes lower than the value of the liabilities. Focusing on ALM for banks, Janssen (1992) modeled both the assets and the liabilities by geometric Brownian motions. Study was on an extension of the Janssen model in which the asset fund A takes into account fixed-income securities and this introduces asymmetry for A and B. That is particularly useful for insurance companies whose investments are more in bonds than in shares. It was assumed that the liability course of action is defined by a geometric Brownian motion with drift, which is correlated with the asset process in a constant way. In this generalized un- segmented Janssen model, study was on the perfect matching and final matching of assets and liabilities by determining the probability of mismatching and the degree of mismatching. In case of perfect matching, the study will be on the influence of the parameters of the asset and liability processes on the probability of no perfect matching in order to obtain general implications of the model to the company asset liability management and the difference between the models seems with a Cox-Ingersoll-Ross process and an Ornstein- Uhlenbeck process. Study further focus on a multidimensional model in which it was assumed that the assets and liabilities are segmented in respectively m and n pools, for example into different investments and into different insurance contracts. First concentration was on the case that the assets contain only shares. Afterwards, distinct shares and fixed-income securities which mainly differ since shares can be modeled by a geometric Brownian motion, but the interest-rate derivatives cannot. Since these financial instruments depend on the yield curve, was assumed a stochastic interest rate process. Soocheong (Shawn) Jang (2005) used canonical correlation analysis. The study examined interdependencies in investing and financing decisions of restaurant firms. The results indicated that the similar four cross-balance sheet interdependencies exist in the restaurant industry as i dentified by previous studies for different industries and companies in various countries: (1) maturity matching structure of assets and liabilities, (2) use of long-term assets as collateral for long-term debt, (3) use of accounts payable to finance operational assets (e.g., inventories and other current assets), and (4) concurrent use of cash and stockholders equity to manage risk. Additionally, this study discovered the unique financing features of the restaurant industry: (1) restaurant firms did not relate account receivables to short-term liabilities, and (2) they financed their operational assets with stockholders equity in addition to account payable. The findings are expected to contribute to the understanding of restaurant financing behavior as related to assets structures. This study also demonstrated the usefulness of canonical correlation analysis in extracting information related to financial management strategy. CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODS The chapter forms the core of the research work. This chapter provides the detail information regarding hypothesis development, empirical model, characteristic of variables, statistical test, the source of data or the data collection technique sample size,. It also highlights the tools that have used in the study. The statistical tools also mentioned to give clear idea about the data collected and its treatment. 3.1 Hypothesis Development H1: There is significant and positive relationship between Account Receivables and Account Payables H2: There is significant and positive relationship between Cash and Account Receivables. H3: There is significant and positive relationship between Inventories and Account Payables H4: There is significant and positive relationship among Long Term Assets and Long Term Liabilities H5: There is significant and positive relationship between Inventories and Current Debt 3.2 Empirical Model Consequently canonical correlation analysis was used to investigate the type of interaction between assets and liabilities on the balance sheet. The variables of the asset side are denoted Xi1,, Xi2, Xi3, and Xi4 and the variables of the equity/liability side are Yi1, Yi2, Yi3, and Yi4. The scores of an observation, i, for each canonical variate pair, as i increase from 1 to n can be expressed as: u1= a1X11 + a2X12 + a3X13 + a4X14 . . un= a1Xn1 + a2Xn2 + a3Xn3 + a4Xn4, and v1= b1Y11 + b2Y12 + b3Y13 + b4Y14 . . vn= b1Yn1 + b2Yn2 + b3Yn3 + b4Yn4 The as and bs are the canonical weights. A canonical correlation is obtained for each of the canonical variate pairs by correlating u and v across observations. The nature of the canonical variates, derived to have maximum correlations, can be examined by utilizing canonical loadings. The nature of the structure of the canonical loadings may be simplified using the canonical rotation analysis methods described by Cliff and Krus (1976) and also by Perreault and Spiro (1978). The canonical loadings for both sets of variables can be rotated simultaneously using Kaisers normalized varimax criterion (1958). The total predictable variance remains the same and the rotated canonical correlations will be allocated more evenly across the canonical variates using these methods. More importantly, the examination of the nature of the canonical variates generally will be simplified.

Describe an Analysis of Intellectual Property Rights - 2200 Words

Analysis of Intellectual Property and the Impact they have on US Economy (Case Study Sample) Content: Case: Analysis of intellectual property rightsName:Institutional affiliationContents TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u 1.0 Introduction PAGEREF _Toc467568288 \h 22.0 Forms of intellectual property rights PAGEREF _Toc467568289 \h 32.1 Patent PAGEREF _Toc467568290 \h 32.2Trademark PAGEREF _Toc467568291 \h 42.3Copyright PAGEREF _Toc467568292 \h 53.0Impact of intellectual property rights on the USA economy PAGEREF _Toc467568293 \h 64.0Conclusion and recommendations PAGEREF _Toc467568294 \h 7References PAGEREF _Toc467568295 \h 8ANALYSIS OF INTELECTUAL PROPERTY AND THE IMPACT THEY HAVE ON US ECONOMY.1.0 IntroductionAn intellectual property refers to the creations of the mind. These include inventions, artistic works, literary as well as images and names used in commerce. The intellectual property is divided into two main classifications. One is industrial property which includes patents for industrial designs, trademarks and finally geographical indications. Second is copyright which r efers to all literary works such as poems, plays and novels.It also includes artistic works for example paintings, drawings, sculptures and finally architectural design. Rights that relate to copyright entail those of artists performing their different performances, producing of phonograms in the producers production as well broadcasters in their different television and radio aired programs CITATION Placeholder5 \l 1033 (Reinert, Rajan, Glass, Davis, 2010).The intellectual property rights allow owners or creators of copyrighted work, trademarks or patents to realize benefit from their own original investment or creation in form of inventions. These intellectual property rights are stipulated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights under Article 27. It provides for the right to realize benefit from protection of material and moral interests derived from being author of literary scientific or artistic inventions or productions.The importance of the protection of intellectual property rights lies behind the fact that the well being of the well being and progress of humankind depends on its ability to invent and create new ideas in the field of culture and technology. The protection of new inventions motivates as well as encouraging commitment in the addition of more resources to fund new inventions and creations. The protection and promotion of intellectual property rights impacts positively on the growth of the economy as it leads to creation of employment opportunities and the enhancement of enjoyment and quality of work CITATION Wil09 \l 1033 (Landers A.Posner, 2009).2.0 Forms of intellectual property rights2.1 PatentA patent right refers to a type of selected right that is granted for the invention of a new product or lets say a process which provides a new or unique way of doing a certain thing. It may also be an invention that gives a new and applicable solution to a disturbing problem. The patent gives the patent owner the protection for their u nique inventions. That kind of protection is provided for a given duration of time which is mostly twenty years.Patents are important to the patent owners in that they provide different kinds of incentives to them by way of recognizing their inventiveness and thereby giving an opportunity for material reward as a result of their unique inventions. The incentives offered motivate more inventions that finally results to the enhancement of quality of humankind.Patent offers protection in that a newly made invention cannot be commercially used, made, sold or distributed without the consent of the patent owner. Mostly patent rights are enforceable in courts of law and the courts have the power to end the infringement of patent. A court also has the ability to announce a patent unacceptable after a winning challenge by another individual.The patent owner carries the right to choose who can or cannot make use of the patented work. This is applicable during the period which the patent is p rotected. Patent owners grant permission to license other parties to make use of their invention under the terms agreed by both parties.2.2TrademarkA trademark refers to distinguishing sign that gives identity to certain services or manufactured by a company or individually by one person. The system of registration trademark helps consumers to recognize and identify the products and services they want to buy based on if that particular product or service has the specific characteristics and specific qualify as shown by the unique trademark associated with it.The protection of trademark makes sure that the owner of the trademark has the restricted right to make use of them in identifying their services or goods or to give the authority to others so that they can be in a position to use the goods or services and in return offer payment to the owners of the trademark. The period that a trademark is in use varies widely though it has the possibility of being renewed, mostly after the pa yment of the required fee. The protection of trademarks is enforceable by the courts. The courts have the ability to stop the undermining of a trademark.Generally trademarks function to promote idea and enterprise globally through the rewarding of the owners by way of recognition and in terms of financial profit. Trademarks prevent the actions of unfair competition for example use of counterfeiters who use same unique sign to market or sell substandard or different kinds of goods and services CITATION Tha11 \l 1033 (Truong Gasper, 2011).A trademark could be a combination of different words or a single word or a combination of letters and numbers. A trademark sometimes may have symbol, drawing or a triple dimensional sign for example a shape and the packaging of goods. A trademark is given to any individual or organization that can verify that their goods and services certify some stipulated standards. Example of widely known certification is the internationally established ISO 900 quality standards as well as the Ecolabels which are used for products that have a reduced impact on the natural environment.2.3CopyrightCopyright refers to the laws that give artists, creators and authors the protection to protect their artistic and literary inventions or generally works. Those who benefit from the rights of copyright include performers for example musicians and actors, producers of compact discs and in sound recording s as well as the broadcasting organizations in their different television and radio programs CITATION Mar14 \l 1033 (Leaffer, 2014).Examples of works covered by copyright are: works of reference, poems, plays, novels, computer programs, adverts in the newspapers, databases, musical compositions, films, drawings, paintings, photographs, maps, sculpture, technical drawings and architecture. The rights are not limited to the above though. Creators of copyright together with their successors and heirs have different basic rights that are covered in the copyright law. The holders of copyright have the special right to make use or authorize other individuals to use their works on the basic agreed terms.The holders of copyright have the ability to authorize or prohibit the following, translation of the work into different languages, adaptation for example in a novel so as to screenplay for a film, the public performance and communication in the general public, its broadcasting and finally the reproduction of work in any form be in the form of printing or sound recording. Many of the works protected under copyright law are in such a way that they call for mass communication, distribution as well as massive financial investment so as for them to successfully reach their targeted clients. For example in publications, films and sound recordings.For this reason the owners of copyrights pass these rights onto big companies that are in a better position to market and develop their works and in return they receive appreciation or compensati on in form of royalties or cash payments.3.0 Impact of intellectual property rights on the USA economyIntellectual property protections do have an effect on commerce generally by giving incentives to create and invent protection of inventors from unauthorized copying, facilitation of specialization in the markets of technology, creation of platforms for financial investments and finally growth by way of acquisitions, IPOs and mergers.On the month of September this year, the department of commerce in USA released a wide-ranging report Intellectual Property and the USA Economy: 2016 Update . This report found out that in...

Comparing The Poor Relations Story by Charles Dickens,...

Comparing The Poor Relations Story by Charles Dickens, Twenty Six Men and a Girl by Maxim Gorky and The Unexpected by Kate Chopin The three stories that I will study are; The poor relations story by Charles Dickens, Twenty six men and a girl by Maxim Gorky and The unexpected by Kate Chopin. The three things do seem to have a thing in present. All the main characters seem to be pressured or are being victimised by their traditional values, and struggle to break free. In the poor relations story, the main character (Michael) is being pressured to live up to his uncle, and families ideas. In twenty six men and a girl the twenty six men are being kept, almost hostage is their pretzel factory. In the†¦show more content†¦People seem to take advantage of him, and he is too weak to become a strong business man. He himself says, I failed in my expectations from my uncle Chill, on account of not being as sharp as he could have wished in worldly matters, Although Michael puts up a front saying he wants to be solitary, he is ecstatic when he finds his wife, and says family occasions are a party for him! It app ears that at the start we are informed of his sad life, but in the middle he starts telling us of how his life suddenly turns exceedingly good! Everything appears to go up and he gets married, has kids, grandkids and appears to be happier then everà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. And when the readers are deeply into the story, comes the twist and we find out it is all a dream t. In twenty six men and a girl, the prison like environment, and the constant abide of living underground pays its toll. They dont ever go out, and unlike Michael, they admit their wretched environment. They say that they live a miserable existence Like Michael however, they need to escape from the hell, but in a mental way. They decide to idolise the pretty 17 year old girl who comes to collect the pretzels everyday. They say, Like all human beings, we were unable to live without worshipping at least something. Until comes a soldier, Who dared to take her from them It came clear to the men their idol

Business Ethics Organizational Governance and CSR

Business Ethics, Organizational Governance, and CSR Living an ethical life rests upon an assumption of both identifying and acting upon the good. If humankind identifies the instrumental means to attain the ultimate good, then consistency and reason should motivate a responsibility to pursue the ethical end. Paralleling the desire for individual good, evaluating the aims and actions of business necessitates developing an organizational ethics system, otherwise the objective pursuit of profits appears as the only prima facie guide. However, in the context of morally questionable business activities and government deregulation, Milton Friedmans famous indictment of corporate social responsibility, that, there is one and only one social responsibility of business to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits so long as it stays within the rules of the game, which is to say, engages in open and free competition without deception or fraud, emerges unconvincing, although logically consistent. Friedmans singular focus on profits not only implies that all non-shareholders are merely instrumental, but fails to consider the balance of short and long-term strategy. While the simplistic profit motive is convincing in the abstract, this assumes that immediate gains embody contingencies for finite resources and organizational continuity. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) aims to transcend the linear transactional model to embrace a holisticShow MoreRelatedBusiness Ethics And Corporate And Management Strategies Essay876 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction- An Overview It is a viable alternative to apply CSR in Corporate and management strategies to outclass competing companies. An organization by carrying out its ethical principles and convictions in their activities and propagating them via organizational network influences the relationship with shareholders, clients and employees. The application of CSR can lead to social benefits and legitimacy for the firm since it can consider itself as a coalition in which the different stakeholdersRead MoreDefinition Of Corporate Social Responsibility1007 Words   |  5 Pagesresponsibility is similar to the ISO 26000 in addressing the seven principle subjects, organizational governance, human rights, labour practices, the environment, fair operating practices, consumer issues, and community involvement and development. Although, not all issues belonging to these principles were addressed. The strongest attributes of the Rogers CSR definition supported by their 2013 CSR report are organizational governance , fair operating practices, consumer issues, community involvement and developmentRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility1015 Words   |  5 Pagesare giving more attention to develop a CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) and mainly their core values. Core values are used in marketing strategies (Berry, 1999) also in customer-retention management in order to create distinctive, long-lasting relationships with customers (Prahald and Ramaswamy, 2004; Normann, 2001) and stakeholders (Pruzan, 1998; Post et a, 2002). The interaction with a stakeholder and concerns a business operation use to understood CSR as the voluntary integration of environmentalRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility Of The Enron Corporation1124 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction We will look at the Enron Corporation and discuss its application of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) or in actuality its irresponsible behavior as related to social responsibility. We will revisit what CSR is and discuss Enron’s philosophy regarding its use and function within the corporation. We will discuss the consequences of Enron’s irresponsible behavior and the far reaching effects it had on society. Corporate Social Responsibility are actions taken by a corporationRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility ( Csr )1167 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a concept which is also known as corporate citizenship, corporate conscience or in a simple way a responsible business. It is an integrated concept of self-regulatory business model for any organisation. Corporate Social Responsibility has been in practice for more than fifty years now, which has been adopted not only by domestic companies but also by transnational company with voluntary CSR initiatives (Chernev and Blair, 2015). It includesRead MoreEmployee Motivation Is Critical to the Success of an Organization. Discuss How Managers Motivate Their Employees by Using the Herzbergs Motivation-Hygiene Theory. Illustrate Your Answer with Academic Literature Review and Examples.3041 Words   |  13 Pagesgiven a challenge task and initiated the work in his own way, worked according to the instructions issued, and accomplished the task. However, the company did not give him any reward, and also no increasing salary, no recognition because if the organizational policies. These factors would have a negative impact and it would also affect the employee’s motivation. Prevent for dissatisfactions To apply Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory, managers need to eliminate the dissatisfactions which theRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility ( Csr )1167 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a concept which is also known as corporate citizenship, corporate conscience or in a simple way a responsible business. It is an integrated concept of self-regulatory business model for any organisation. Corporate Social Responsibility has been in practice for more than fifty years now, which has been adopted not only by domestic companies but also by transnational company with voluntary CSR initiatives (Chernev and Blair, 2015). It includesRead MoreThe Modern Era Of Social Responsibility1523 Words   |  7 Pagesyou wish to see in the world.† This call to action may be challenging but it is not impossible for businesses to implement. Through effort and diligence, corporate and organizational leaders can responsibly serve the global community in which they provide goods and services. Corporate social responsibility, otherwise known as CSR, has been a topic of interest for centuries. However, the modern era of social responsibility didn’t begin until the 1950s when Howerd R. Bowen (often attributed as theRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : A Business Model And Manager s Ethical Values999 Words   |  4 PagesCorporate social responsibility is an ethics that is concerned with a company’s value towards society (Daft, 44). In the book management Daft states, CSR as essentially a concept under which companies voluntarily contribute towards making a better society and a cleaner environment. The book basically has divided CSR into four subdivisions: economic, legal, ethical and discretionary responsibilities. CSR needs a proper organizational environment to be effective and in such a scenario one can say thatRead MoreEthics and Corporate Social Responsibility in Driving Organizational Success for Multinational Companies in Oil/Mining Industry4540 W ords   |  19 PagesINSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF BUSINESS AND LAW ETHICS AND CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN DRIVING ORGANIZATIONAL SUCCESS FOR MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES IN OIL/MINING INDUSTRY Submitted in partial fulfillment of the degrees Masters in Business Administration Lecturer: Eileen OLeary 2010 By: Albertus Rendy Buntaran (S3264165) Executive Summary This paper provides a broad definition of ethical behavior and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the competitive world of oil and mining

Henrik Ibsen s A Doll s House - 2136 Words

In order to effectively portray a realm in which the protagonist is entrapped, Henrick Ibsen must use apparatus to contextualize the social and economical themes that prove instrumental in disabling a womans strength, demoting her to the rank of a mere child or fliting object. The view of a womans role in society has definately developed since that of the industrial revolution therefore allowing a broad analysis of why Nora came to the decision of leaving her husband and children and how Henrik Ibsen was able to effectively portay this. However conclusions cannot be made based on simple surface deductions. as artists and readers we are intrigued with dynamic, deeper meaning and decisions. This essay discusses the ways in which Ibsen employs instruments such as set, symbolism, imagery and stage directions to dramatically express the protagonists entrapment in A Doll s House. The set in A Doll s House proves to be an effective construct in the entrapment of Nora, as an exhibition of the problems of the bourgeois family is assembled in the form of the living room. In naturalism emphasis is placed on the importance of walking and immersing oneself in nature in order to remove limitations and control destiny. Yet we are shown a room that seems to engulf and limit Nora just as her husband does. our attention is directed to a window rarely looked through, a stove for the apparent use of keeping the audiences mind on the fact that Nora is in fact a mother and wife, foundShow MoreRelatedHenrik Ibsen s A Doll House1563 Words   |  7 Pages In the play, A Doll House by Henrik Ibsen, the title itself symbolizes the dependent and degraded role of the wife within traditional marriages. Ibsen portrayed the generous nature root into women by society, as well as the significant action of this nature, and lastly the need for them to find their own voice in a world ruled by men. Ibsen wrote this play in 1879, this is the era where women were obedient to men, tend the children until their husband came home, and stood by the Cult of DomesticityRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1717 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"A Doll, a Partner, and a Change† Social movement of women liberation toward equal rights and independence has been a big subject in human history. It happens not only in Europe but also all over the world. Though making progress, this movement has been advancing slowly and encountered backslashes from time to time. Maybe there is something deeply hidden which the society has not figured out yet, even women themselves. What do women want, freedom or good life? Most of the time, they are notRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1291 Words   |  6 Pages A Doll s House by Henrik Ibsen, is a play that has been written to withstand all time. In this play Ibsen highlights the importance of women’s rights. During the time period of the play these rights were neglected. Ibsen depicts the role of the woman was to stay at home, raise the children and attend to her husband during the 19th century. Nora is the woman in A Doll House who plays is portrayed as a victim. Michael Meyers said of Henrik Ibsen s plays: The common denominator in many of IbsenRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1288 Words   |  6 Pages Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House is based in the Victorian society of the 19th century. It assesses the many struggles and hardships that women faced because of marriage â€Å"laws† that were crucial during that time period. The society was male- dominated with no equality. Nora is the protagonist in A Doll’s House and the wife of a man named Torvald. This play is about Nora’s voyage to recognizing her self- determination and independence. She transforms from a traditional, reserved woman to a new, independentRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1298 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"There is beauty in truth, even if it s painful. Those who lie, twist life so that it looks tasty to the lazy, brilliant to the ignorant, and powerful to the weak. But lies only strengthen our defects. They don t teach anything, help anything, fix anything or cure anything. Nor do they develop one s character, one s mind, one s heart or one s soul.† (Josà © N. Harris). Nora Helmer’s choice to lie and deceive is inappropriate and wrong for women to do to her husband during this time period; itRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1037 Words   |  5 PagesHenrik Ibsen s A Doll s House is a work of literature genius. This three-act play involves many literary technics that are undermined by the average reader such as the fact that the plot shows the main characters Torvald and his wife Nora live the perfect life. An ironic paradox based around the fact that Nora and Torvald’s relationship is the complete opposite of perfect. Also, bringing upon a conflict as well, appearance versus reality. These little hidden meanings within stories are what areRead MoreA Doll s House : Henrik Ibsen962 Words   |  4 PagesDrama Analysis A Doll’s House (Henrik Ibsen) And Trifles (Susan Glaspell) In comparing both dramas, the overwhelming aspect of convergence between both is the open discussion of gender identity. Both dramas make similar points about what it means to be a woman. Modern society in both dramas is constructed with men holding power over women. This is seen in Trifles in how men like George Henderson and Mr. Hale are myopic. The premise of the drama is how women worry over trifles, and the dismissiveRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1421 Words   |  6 PagesIn A Doll’s House, Henrik Ibsen examines conventional roles of men and women in the nineteenth century. In the play, Nora exemplifies the conventional feminine standard during that period. She seems to be powerless and confines herself through high standard expectations, demonstrating what the role of a women would be as a wife and mother. The protagonist of A Doll’s House is a woman named Nora Helmer. Ibsen shows how Nora’s design of perfect life gradually transforms when her sec ret unravels. InRead MoreHenrik Ibsen s A Doll House Essay1501 Words   |  7 PagesHenrik Ibsen’s play â€Å"A Doll House† was set in the Victorian era, a time where women were highly respected. Women in this time period did not work, they had nannies to take care of their children and maids to take care of their homes. Many women had no real responsibilities, they spent their time having tea parties and socializing with their friends. Henrik Ibsen dared to show the realism of the Victorian era while everyone else would only focus on the romantic aspect. In the play, â€Å"A Doll House†Read MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen876 Words   |  4 PagesA Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen A Doll’s House takes place in the home of Torvald and Nora Helmer. Through conversation with Nora’s good friend Kristine Linde it is revealed that Mr. Helmer was ill around the same time Nora’s father died. Luckily Nora’s father left her enough money that Torvald and Nora could go on a life saving trip to Italy. But the truth comes out when we find out Nora’s father did not leave her a penny. We find out that Nora got a hold of the money through a loan but she signed

The Four Functions of Management - 946 Words

There are four functions of management that allow any organization to handle the tactical, planned and set decisions. The four basic functions of management are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. The four basic functions of management are just to have a controlled plan over the preventive measure. The functions of management define the process of management as diverse from accounting, finance, marketing, and other business functions. These functions provide a useful way of classifying information about management. The base function is to Plan, which is the foundation of management. It is the base upon which the all the areas of management should be built. Planning is the ongoing process of developing the business mission and†¦show more content†¦And this can be done only with successful communication. Understanding the communication process and working on the area that needs improvement, helps managers to become more valuable communicators. The best technique of finding the areas that need improvement is to ask themselves and others at regular times, how well they are doing. This leads to better relationship and helps the managers for better directing plans. Controlling is the last of four functions of management, involves ensuring that performance does not stray from standards. Controlling consists of three steps, which include establishing performance standards, comparing actual performance against standards, and taking corrective action when necessary. Performance standards are often stated in monetary terms such as revenue, costs, or profits, but may also be stated in other terms, such as units produced, number of defective products, or levels of customer service. The measurement of performance can be done in several ways, depending on the performance standards, including financial statements, sales reports, production results, customer satisfaction, and formal performance appraisals. Managers at all levels engage in the managerial function of controlling to some degree. Effective controlling requires the existence of plans, since planning provides the necessary performance standards or goals. Controlling also requires a clear understanding of whereShow MoreRelatedThe Four Function of Management1063 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract I will be providing an overview of the four functions of management and how it relates to the agency I am currently employed with, the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SC DHEC). Based on what I have read in Management: The New Competitive Landscape (2004) I find that my agency is typical in many ways. We have multiple layers of management: 1. SC DHEC Director a. Assistant Agency Director i. Region 1 Health Director 1. Region 1 Administrator a. RegionRead MoreThe Four Functions Of Management1314 Words   |  6 Pagesimportant. It primarily highlights the four functions of management; planning, leading, organizing, and controlling. Secondly, it discusses the characteristics of a successful manager. Finally, relates the necessary skills for a competent manager; technical skills, human skills, and conceptual skills. Group Consensus The first of the three most important concepts are the Four Functions of Management. Under this concept the four functions of management contain four objectives which are leading, planningRead MoreFour Functions of Management990 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT Functions of Management Functions of Management Week one of University of Phoenix course, bachelor of science in human services (BSHS) 330, Management Theory, Practice and Application, introduces the topics for weeks two through five by providing an overview of the functions of management. The functions being studied in BSHS 330 are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Definitions of these four functions will be discussed and relevance ofRead MoreThe Four Functions Of Management969 Words   |  4 PagesThe four functions of management can be a vital roadmap in developing a quality structure in which to succeed. Most of us are pursuing a greater interest, whether it be education, a trip or perhaps some other type of leadership role in their lives. The purpose of these interests is usually for self-improvement. These choices will involve some type of planning, organization, leading and of course some type of control (Bateman Snell, 2013). Our ability to succeed in these tasks can depend on ourRead MoreFour Functions of Management1069 Words   |  5 PagesThere are four functions that a manager must be able to do in order to run a successful company; planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Each of these elements is equally important. If even one of these elements is looked over the management process is incomplete and a mangers effectiveness and efficiency will diminish. The business world of today is drastically different than that of years before, most importantly because of the advancements of technology. Even though the daily tasks thatRead MoreThe Four Functions of Management1661 Words   |  7 PagesThe Four Functions of Management Management is the process of working with other and capital to achieve organizational goals. Also management is defining as creative problem solving. This creative problem solving is accomplished through the four functions of management: planning, organizing, leading and controlling. The intended result is the use of an organization s resources in a way that finish its mission and objectives. Every good manager, supervisor or leader does those tings both effectivelyRead MoreFour Function of Management3027 Words   |  13 PagesAssignment 2: The effects of internal and external factors on four functions of management Introduction: In the world of management, there are many internal and external factors that affect the effectiveness and efficiency of management. For a management job, a manager has missions to deal with the following functions: Planning, organizing, influencing, and controlling. Hence, it is crucial for any managers to understand those factors clearly and comprehensively to conduct their jobs with expectedRead MoreFour Principles Of Management : The Four Functions Of Management937 Words   |  4 Pages The Four Functions of Management There are four functions of management: planning, organizing, leading and controlling. The four basic principles of management found in all businesses and corporations. Management is a process designed to achieve an organizations objectives by using its resources effectively and efficiently in a changing environment. Planning the process of determining the organizations objectives and deciding how to accomplish them. The planning of a business includesRead More4 Four Functions of Management1180 Words   |  5 PagesManagement Four Functions Rosa L. Flores University of Phoenix Management: Theory, Practice, and Application/ Mgt 330 Kennett Baca December 20, 2008 Management Four Functions This paper will define the four basic functions of management; planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. This paper will also describe how these were applied in my worksplace. Management definitively has more functions than just the four mentioned above. The four that will be discussed in this paper are the fourRead More The Four Functions of Management Essay1566 Words   |  7 PagesThe Four Functions of Management One would be amazed to hear that 48 million customers are served everyday in 119 countries at a McDonald?s and as of 2004 there were 31,561 system-wide restaurants (2005 fact sheet). Being enrolled in a management course, one automatically begins to think about how many managers there must be in place to manage all those locations. Though McDonald?s is a franchise and all restaurants are individually owned, the four functions of management are still important

Research Writing Exercise Planner

Introduction It is not necessary that a crime can only take place outside the protection of the home. In fact a large number of crimes take place in the home also. There is a wide variety of crimes that take place in the home. These include domestic violence, spousal abuse, family violence, intimate partner violence and battering. It is a pattern of behavior which violence or other type of abuse is involved against another person in domestic context. For example, intimate partner violence is the domestic violence that is connected by a spouse or a partner in intimate relationship. At the same time, domestic violence can also be presenting case of a heterosexual relationship for a same sex relationship. At the same time, domestic violence can be present in several different forms like physical, verbal, emotional, sexual or economic abuse. Similarly, domestic violence can be subtle or coercive in nature and it can go up to violent physical abuse that causes disfigurement or death (Macdonald, 2007). At the same time, domestic violence is also a violation of the human rights of individuals. In this way, it causes fear or physical or psychological harm to the victim. Generally it includes violent, abusive and intimidating behavior of a man against a woman. However, this type of violence in the home has significant impact on the children and the young people and as a result, it may constitute child abuse (Boyd, 2011). A crime in the home may take place in several different forms. For example it may include physical assault, sexual assault, emotional abuse, verbal abuse, social abuse, damaging property and financial abuse. In this regard it needs to be noted that physical and sexual abuse is a crime regardless of the fact that it has taken place in the street or in the home. It has been seen throughout the world are generally the wife or the female partner is the victim of the violence in the home, although the victim of such a crime can also be the male partner. In some cases, it has also been seen that both the partners in a relationship have engaged in abusive or violent behavior. Sometimes, the victim of such a crime may also act in retaliation or self-defense. While the woman who have to face domestic violence are encouraged to report such violence to the authorities throughout the developed world, it has been seen that most of the cases including domestic violence against men are not reported due to the social pressure that is present against such reporting. There is a social stigma attached with the reporting of domestic violence by men. Generally the domestic violence takes place because it is believed by the abuser that such an abuse is justified and acceptable. At the same time, the awareness, definition and perception regarding domestic violence is also different in various countries (Kay and Jeffries, 2010). At the same time, due to the private nature of the relationships within which such violence takes place and also due to the fact that most of the cases involving domestic violence are not reported, it is very difficult to measure the extent of the problem. However, it cannot be denied that the problem of domestic violence is widespread in Australia. In this regard it also needs to be noted that women are more likely to be killed in their home by their male partner than anywhere else or by someone else. It is also a fact that most of the incidents of domestic violence are not reported to the police. In the same way, the incidents of domestic violence are much less reported to the police when the perpetrator of such a crime is the present partner. Whatever information is present in this regard has been provided by the surveys that include the Personal Safety Survey conducted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) and also the survey conducted by the Australian component of Intern ational Violence against Women Survey (ABS, 2011). In this regard, the ABS Personal Safety Survey gave vital information regarding the safety of the people at home and also in the community and particularly regarding the nature and extent of the violence against people in their homes. In this regard, information was collected with the help of personal interviews. This survey updated information regarding the experiences of the women related with violence in the home as well as such experiences of the men (ABS, 2011). Risk factors Although, there is no single cause that can be attributed to domestic violence, there are several risk factors that are related with the perpetrators and victims of domestic violence. An example in this regard can be given of the alcohol and drug use by the perpetrators as well as the victim's experience of child abuse. Such factors increase the risk of violence at home. In the same way, factors like personal stress, financial stress and the lack of social support are also related with the violence against women in the home. However, further research needs to be conducted in order to determine how these factors act as the primary causes of the consequences of violence against women. Alcohol has been cited as a major risk factor for domestic violence, particularly in case of the indigenous communities. At the most serious end, there are the cases involving intimate partner homicides that are related with alcohol (Kay and Jeffries, 2010). It is also been suggested by studies that the women who have faced abuse in childhood were at a higher risk of experiencing domestic violence as compared to the woman who have not faced child abuse. There are other kinds of vulnerability like separation and pregnancy during which women are particularly vulnerable to domestic violence. A large number of women have reported incidents of domestic violence particularly during their pregnancy (Nancarrow, Lockie and Sharma, 2009). At the same time, attitudes and beliefs also play an important role in domestic violence. They have an impact on the prevalence of domestic violence and also shape the response of the community as well as the health seeking behavior of the victims. There are only a few people who understand why women continue to live in violent relationships. At the same time, it is believed by some people that domestic violence can be excused if the perpetrator of such violence became so angry that he temporarily lost control. At the same time, it has also been seen that there are many people who believe that the incidence of domestic violence should be excused if the perpetrator is ready to regret what was done by him. In this regard, it has also been seen that being male and having low level of support for gender equality were among the strongest predictors for having violence supporting attitude (Powell and Murray, 2008). Conclusion Guidelines have been produced by researchers in Australia regarding best practices involved in sexual assault prevention with the help of education and stressing upon the significance of coherent, conceptual framework, effective evaluation, culturally sensitive practice and comprehensive development. A relatively new model in this regard is the safe at home programs that have emerged as a part of integrated, multiagency approach. It is assumed by this model that the perpetrators of violence need to be held accountable for their actions and should be removed from the family home so that the women and children can stay in the family home. Therefore, there are laws present in all jurisdictions of Australia under which, exclusion orders as a condition of domestic violence others which allow the person seeking protection from domestic violence to remain in family home to be made and the perpetrator of such violence has to seek other accommodation. It is considered that when women are supp orted to remain in their homes and communities, they are in a better position to maintain social support networks, educational and employment opportunities and stability of care for their children and all these factors help the woman in their recovery (Powell and Murray, 2008). However, it needs to be noted in this regard that the safe at home programs are not suitable for women and children who are at an extreme risk of violence from their family members or partners. However, the victims who are able to remain in their homes, the risk management options are required to use integrated, multiagency response. In the same way, it has also been seen that enhanced police response also serves as a deterrent in case of some perpetrators of violence at home and it also increases the chances of detection and prosecution of such cases of violence. As a result of these measures, women and children may experience an increased feelings of safety as well as the additional level of support allows them to remain in their home and within their community. Therefore, domestic violence is a long-standing and complex should so the issue. However there has been significant transformation in public awareness related with this problem. References A Powell and S Murray, 2008, Children and domestic violence: constructing a policy problem in Australia and New Zealand, Social Legal Studies, vol. 17, no. 4 ABS, 2011, Gender indicators, Australia, July 2011, cat. no. 4125.0, ABS, Canberra Boyd, 2011, The impacts of sexual assault on women, Australian Centre for the Study of Sexual Assault (ACSSA) resource sheet, April 2011, AIFS, Melbourne H Nancarrow, S Lockie and S Sharma, 2009 'Intimate partner abuse of women in a central Queensland mining region', Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice, no. 378 M Kay and S Jeffries, 2010 Homophobia, heteronormativism and hegemonic masculinity: male same-sex intimate violence from the perspective of Brisbane service providers, Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, vol. 17 no. 3 Macdonald A 2007, Women and children experiencing family violence are the face of homelessness. Parity 20(5)